About Measles (Rubeola)
Measles is a disease caused by the measles virus. Measles is very contagious. It spreads when someone who has measles talks, coughs or sneezes near others.
There is no specific treatment for measles, but there are medicines that can reduce some symptoms.
The best way to protect against measles is to get vaccinated.
Symptoms usually begin 7 to 14 days after exposure but can take as long as 21 days to appear.
Early symptoms
- Fever
- Cough
- Runny nose
- Red, watery eyes
Sometimes small, white bumps or spots appear in the mouth. These are called Koplik spots.
As the disease progresses
After a few days, a rash appears, usually on the head or face. As the days pass, the rash spreads to other parts of the body, including the torso, arms and legs.
The rash fades in the same order it appeared.
Measles is very contagious, and people can spread the virus even before the rash appears.
The virus lives in the nose and throat. When someone who has measles talks, sneezes or coughs, tiny droplets with the virus spray into the air. These droplets can stay in the air and contaminate surfaces for up to two hours.
Babies, young children and pregnant women are at higher risk for complications.
Measles can cause problems like ear infections, diarrhea or pneumonia. It can make your body forget how to fight off other serious diseases like the flu and hepatitis. This is called immune amnesia.
In some cases, measles can lead to brain inflammation (meningitis) or even death.
The best way to prevent measles is to get vaccinated. The MMR vaccine protects you, your children and people in your community.
Get vaccinated: Check with your health provider. Don't have a provider or need help paying? Find locations near you that may offer no-cost vaccines.
Who should get the vaccine and when
The MMR vaccine prevents measles, mumps and rubella. It's safe and usually given in two doses:
- First dose: Usually given in children ages 12-15 months
- Second dose: Usually given in children ages 4-6 years, before starting kindergarten
Children may instead get the MMRV vaccine, which also protects against chickenpox.
Planning to travel? What you should know
The MMR vaccine is not recommended for:
- People who have had a severe allergic reaction after a previous dose or to a vaccine component
- People who are severely immunocompromised
- Pregnant women
More information
Links to other resources
More information from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC):
This page was last modified on 07/08/2025